识别与危害Identification & damage
心叶发黄、扭曲、展开不齐时，先把梢腐病列入检查。多种镰刀菌与该病有关，一种症状不等于一个菌种。
Yellow, twisted, unevenly opening young leaves warrant pokkah-boeng checks. Several Fusarium species are involved; symptoms do not identify the species.
来源与传播Origins & spread
病残体上的孢子可随气流和雨水转移，接触幼嫩组织。旺盛生长和潮湿条件下要加强巡查，发生轻重还看品种。
Spores from infected material can travel by air and rain to young tissue. Scout vigorous crops in humid conditions; variety affects disease severity.
生活史与微观过程Life cycle & microscopic processes
微观小图把孢子萌发和菌丝侵入画开，肉眼看不到这些细节。叶基部可先失绿变窄，随后出现皱缩、扭曲或红褐损伤。有些轻症植株能恢复，不能把每片扭叶都判作将要死亡。严重时生长点腐烂，顶梢死亡，这与轻微叶片变形不同。
Germinating spores produce hyphae that enter plant tissue. Leaf bases may pale and narrow before twisting and reddish damage appear. Some mild cases recover; twisted leaves do not guarantee plant death. Severe top rot destroys the growing point, unlike mild leaf distortion.
田间检查与确认Inspection & confirmation
检查心叶、叶鞘和上部蔗茎，留意刀切样或梯状坏死。同时找虫孔和叶背瘿突，避免与螟害或斐济病混淆。拍整株和病健交界，按检测机构要求留样，别只寄干枯碎叶。病原分离和分子检测可帮助区分相关菌，照片不能代替检测。
Inspect young leaves, sheaths and upper stalks for cut-like necrosis. Also check borer holes and underside galls when considering other causes. Photograph whole plants and lesion margins; follow diagnostic sampling instructions. Isolation and molecular tests help distinguish fungi; photographs cannot replace them.
预防、治理与复查Prevention, management & follow-up
采用适合当地的抗病品种和健康材料，做好排水与均衡施肥。是否需要处理要看进展与损失，不能把轻症都安排全田喷药。严重病株由当地植保指导处置；药剂须核对适用病害与标签。标记后复查新叶和生长点，记录恢复还是继续腐烂。
Use locally suitable resistant varieties, sound stock, drainage and balanced nutrition. Base intervention on progression and impact, rather than mild symptoms alone. Seek local advice for severe cases; verify any treatment and its label. Mark plants and recheck new leaves and growing points for change.